Historical Gurudwaras of Punjab

Historical Gurdwaras of Punjab

Gurudwaras

All religions have temples where people can gather together to contemplate on God and pray. The Sikh temple is called a Gurdwara. The word 'Gurdwara' means 'Gateway to the Guru'. In Sikhism ones personal dedication to living a good life is important but another important aspect of Sikhism is the Sangat (congregation). Not only should one meditate on God on their individual level but also on a corporate level. There are thousands of Gurdwaras throughout Punjab and the rest of the world. They serve as community centers for the Sikh's. There are no restrictions on who may enter a Gurdwara for prayer. People of all religions are welcome to attend. Another common feature of all Gurdwaras around the world is Langer, the free community kitchen. Here food is served to all people who sit together to enjoy a communal meal. It is a symbol of the Sikh belief in a non-sexist, non-racist society where all people of all casts, religions are equal and can share a common meal in the true spirit of unity.

Many of the Gurdwaras in Punjab have a pool (sarovar) for bathing in. In Sikhism one can bathe in these pools if they wish, but they should be pure inside in order to accomplish anything. For the water may clean you on the outside, but it cannot clean you on the inside if your heart is not pure. Unlike some religions, pilgrimages is not a part of Sikhism. Sikhs may visit any Gurudwara as they are all considered equal because in all the living Guru, Sri Guru Granth Sahib (the Sikh Holy Scriptures), is installed as the spiritual head of the Sikh religion.

Historical Gurdwaras of Punjab Classified by Gurus

Guru Nanak

Hazards of Marriage
Gurdwara Kandh Sahib, Batala, Dis. Gurdaspur

Guru Nanak was married here to Bibi Sulakhani. He was engaged to the daughter of Mul Chand Chauna who along with the Brahmin priests insisted on a traditional Hindu marriage while Guru Nanak wanted a simple marriage. Guru Nanak was sitting besides a crooked mud wall (kandh) discussing the marriage plans with the Brahmin clergy. It was planned to push the wall on top of the Guru but Guru Nanak was warned of the plan by an old woman. Guru Nanak just smiled and said "This wall will not fall for centuries. The will of God shall prevail." The wall is still preserved within the Gurdwara and a celebration is held here every year on the anniversary of Guru Nanak's marriage.
Life as an Accountant
Gurdwara Hatt Sahib, Sultanpur Lodhi, Dist. Kapurthala

As a young man Guru Nanak was convinced by his family to accept employment here as the accountant of the provisions of Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi. Guru Nanak got the job on the recommendations of his brother-in-law Jai Ram. The Nawab was very much impressed by the young Guru who would work diligently in the day and spend the evenings and night singing the praises of God with his friends.
Start of a Family
Gurdwara Guru Ka Bagh, Sultanpur Lodhi, Dist. Kapurthala

Guru Nanak spent 14 years in Sultanpur Lodhi as a young man working for Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi. This was the house of Guru Nanak where his two sons Baba Sri Chand and Baba Lakhmi Chand were born. Guru Nanak tested his two sons, but neither proved worthy of being his sucessor. Baba Lakhmi Chand was too involved in worldly affairs while Baba Sri Chand chose the path of renunciation and became an asthetic.
Jailed by Jealousy
Gurdwara Kothi Sahib, Sultanpur Lodhi, Dist. Kapurthala

Guru Nanak worked for Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi in charge of his accounts. The Guru was temorarily jailed here on the orders of the Nawab while all the accounts where checked. It had been reported to the Nawab by jelous elements that the Guru was stealing from the inventory as his predecessor had. When the inventory was checked and found to be intact, the Nawab released Guru Nanak & appologized profusely, even offering Guru Nanak a promotion to Prime Minister of the state. Guru Nanak refused to accept the position as he had decided to dedicate his life to the spread of Sikhism.
Communion with God
Gurdwara Ber Sahib, Sultanpur Lodhi, Dist. Kapurthala

At this spot Guru Nanak would go bathing early in the mornings in the Bein river before meditation. While bathing here one day Guru Nanak disappeared in the stream and was missing for three days where he was in communion with God. Upon returning the enlightened Guru Nanak began his lifelong mission of preaching Sikhism. Guru Nanak had planted a Ber (jujube) tree seedling on this spot which has today grown into a large tree.
Discussions with the Yogis
Gurdwara Achal Sahib, Dist. Gurdaspur

During his travels Guru Nanak stopped here at the center of the Nathpanthi Yogis. Many people gathered to meet and hear the Guru and this caused jealousy among the Yogis that they were being ignored. Their leader Yogi Bhangar Nath had a long religious debate in which Guru Nanak argued that asceticism and renunciation were not the ways to reach God. Guru Nanak said that the yogis were hypocrites because outwardly they renounced the world yet they would go to peoples houses to beg for food. Yogi Bhangar Nath started performing magic but was humbled when he lost the ability in front of Guru Nanak. The Guru told Yogi Bhangar Nath that all such tricks and miracles were insignificant compared to the love and grace of God.
The Final Years
Gurdwara Dera Baba Nanak, Dist. Gurdaspur

After a lifetime of travel and converting the masses Guru Nanak settled down here at Kartarpur on his farm on the banks of the river Ravi. Guru Nanak discarded his pilgrims dress and adopted the clothes of a householder. Guru Nanak believed that true religion could be practiced and salvation achieved while living in the world without the need for renunciation. Guru Nanak also taught his Sikhs the great value of earning an honest living. Here Guru Nanak settled down with his family and many followers and started farming the land. Days would be spent in farming while mornings and evenings would be spent in prayer and singing the praises of God. Over centuries the river Ravi has shifted courses and the part of the farm where Guru Nanak passed away in 1539 is on the other side of the river in Pakistan, while Gurdwara Dera Baba Nanak is on the Indian side of the border where Guru Nanak used to meditate daily. In the Gurdwara is preserved a chola (robe) which Guru Nanak recieved as a gift while visiting Mecca.

Guru Angad

The Family Home
Gurdwara Khadur Sahib, Dist. Amritsar

This was the family home of Guru Angad Dev. The Guru settled here when he was married to Mata Khivi and raised their three children here. Guru Angad established this as his religious centre on the advice of Guru Nanak and spent the rest of his life living at Khadur.

Guru Amar Das

The Family Home
Gurdwara Chaubara Sahib, Goindwal, Dist. Amritsar

This was the family home of Guru Amar Das who founded the town of Goindwal and settled down here upon becoming Guru on the advice of Guru Amar Das. In this same house Guru Ram Das was installed as Guru in 1574 and Guru Arjan was born here in 1563. Guru Amar Das left this world here in 1574 and Guru Ram Das left this world here in 1581

Where is Our Guru?
Gurdwara San Sahib, Basarke, Dist. Amritsar

Guru Amar Das was forced to leave Goindwal by Datu the son of Guru Angad who was jealous at not being named the Guru by his father. Datu told Guru Amar Das to leave Goindwal, and being the humble person that he was, Guru Amar Das returned to his family village of Basarke. Here the Guru shut himself up in a small hut with a note on the door, ‘He who opens this door is no Sikh of mine, nor am I his Guru.’ When a delegation of Sikhs lead by Baba Buddha finally found the hut they were perplexed as what to do. Finally they decided to make a hole in the wall so as not to go against the Gurus injunction. Once inside they pleaded with the Guru to return to Goindwal as only he was their true beloved Guru and the Sikhs could not live without him. Guru Amar Das finally relented and returned with the Sikhs. The hole in the wall is still preserved today inside the Gurdwara.

The First Great Center of Sikhism
Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, Goindwal, Dist. Amritsar

This was the first center of Sikhism and was established by Guru Amar Das. The Hindus went on pilgrimage to Hardwar and Benaras but the Sikhs needed a place of their own. Understanding this Guru Amar Das purchased the land and personally helped in the construction of the Gurdwara and Baoli (well) with 84 steps leading down to it. Guru Amar Das said that whoever recited the entire Japji prayer of Guru Nanak on each of the 84 steps with a pure heart before bathing in the Baoli would receive spiritual emancipation.

Guru Ram Das

Becomes Guru and Leaves the World
Gurdwara Chaubara Sahib, Goindwal, Dist. Amritsar

In this same house Guru Ram Das was installed as Guru in 1574 and left this world here in 1581. This was the family home of Guru Amar Das who founded the town of Goindwal and settled down here upon becoming Guru on the advice of Guru Amar Das. Guru Arjan was born here in 1563. Guru Amar Das left this world here in 1574.

Foundation of a Great City
Gurdwara Guru Ka Mahl, Dist. Amritsar

This was the home of Guru Ram Das and his family. Guru Ram Das founded the city of Ramdaspur (modern day Amritsar) and started the excavation of the 'pool of nectar' called Amritsar. Guru Arjan was married here as well as being appointed Guru here. Guru Hargobind lived here for some time and was also married here. This is also the birthplace of Guru Hargobind's sons Baba Atal Rai and Guru Tegh Bahadur.

Guru Arjan

Marriage and Installation as Guru
Gurdwara Guru Ka Mahl, Dist. Amritsar

It was in the house here that Guru Arjan was married. Guru Arjan was also installed as Guru here in 1581. This was the home of Guru Ram Das and his family. Guru Ram Das founded the city of Ramdaspur (modern day Amritsar) and started the excavation of the 'pool of nectar' called Amritsar. Guru Hargobind lived here for some time and was also married here. This is also the birthplace of Guru Hargobind's sons Baba Atal Rai and Guru Tegh Bahadur.Birth of a Guru
Gurdwara Chaubara Sahib, Goindwal, Dist. Amritsar

Guru Arjan was born here in 1563. This was the family home of Guru Amar Das who founded the town of Goindwal and settled down here upon becoming Guru on the advice of Guru Amar Das. In this same house Guru Ram Das was installed as Guru in 1574. Guru Amar Das left this world here in 1574 and Guru Ram Das left this world here in 1581.

Birth of a Guru
Gurdwara Chaubara Sahib, Goindwal, Dist. Amritsar

Guru Arjan was born here in 1563. This was the family home of Guru Amar Das who founded the town of Goindwal and settled down here upon becoming Guru on the advice of Guru Amar Das. In this same house Guru Ram Das was installed as Guru in 1574. Guru Amar Das left this world here in 1574 and Guru Ram Das left this world here in 1581.

The Spiritual Heart
Darbar Sahib (The Golden Temple), Dist. Amritsar

The Harmandir Sahib (meaning Temple of God) is also commonly known as the Golden Temple or Darbar Sahib (Divine Court). Darbar Sahib is a living symbol of the spiritual and historical traditions of the Sikhs. It is a source of inspiration for all Sikhs. The temple with it's glistening gold covered exterior stands in the middle of the tank of nectar. The Darbar Sahib has entrances and doors on all four sides. Guru Arjan exclaimed; "My faith is for the people of all castes and all creeds from whichever direction they come and to whichever direction they bow." Guru Amar Das asked Ram Das to build a central place of congregation for the Sikhs. Guru Ram Das started excavation work in 1577 during his lifetime. Guru Arjan completed excavation of the Tank known as Amritsar (The Pool of Nectar) in 1588. Guru Arjan then started construction of the Temple building itself which was finally completed in 1601. The first edition of the Holy Book of the Sikh's The Guru Granth Sahib was installed there in 1604 with Baba Buddha as the first granthi (caretaker of the book). The last Sikh Guru to live in Amritsar was Guru Hargobind. In 1664 Guru Tegh Bahadur visited Darbar Sahib but was refused entry by the corrupt temple caretakers, the Masands. Darbar Sahib has always been a rallying point for Sikhs throughout it's history. Around 1740 Massa Ranghar, the Muslim ruler of Amritsar desecrated the Temple by using it as a dancing hall. He was killed by the Sikh hero Mahtab Singh. In 1761 the Afghan Ahmed Shah Abdali blew up the Temple and filled in the Sacred Tank with refuse. The great Sikh martyr Baba Deep Singh laid down his life in revenge. The construction of the Darbar Sahib as it appears today was begun in 1764 when Jassa Singh Ahluwalia laid the foundation stone. Many of the doors, walls and domes were covered with copper sheets overlaid with gold during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Darbar Sahib was partially damaged by the military invasion of the Indian Army during June.

In Memory of Guru Ram Das
Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib, Dist. Amritsar

Around 1590 Guru Arjan set out on a tour of the country between the rivers Ravi and Beas. Here Guru Arjan bought some land and laid the foundation of a Gurdwara in honor of Guru Ram Das and started the excavation of a tank even larger than Amritsar. The Gurdwara has one of the largest tanks and resembles the Golden Temple, except that it is built on the side of the tank and has a marble exterior. Guru Arjan also established the first home for lepers in India at Tarn Taran.

Start of a New Town
Gurdwara Tham Sahib, Kartarpur, Dist. Jalandhar

When visiting the Jalandhar area Guru Arjan purchased some land and founded the town of Kartharpur. A sandalwood post (Tham) stands in the Gurdwara, Guru Arjan had stuck it into the ground exclaiming "This shall be the support of our faith."

Visit to the House of Nanak
Gurdwara Bath Sahib, Dist. Gurdaspur

The ascetic son of Guru Nanak and the founder of the Udasi order Baba Sri Chand lived here deep in the forest for the last part of his life. Baba Sri Chand was visited here by Guru Arjan who told Baba Sri Chand about the hostility of the Gurus elder brother. Baba Sri Chand replied: "This will be his undoing and ruin both in this world and the next". Guru Hargobind also visited Baba Sri Chand here and when Baba Sri Chand complimented the Guru on his chivalry and piety, Guru Hargobind replied with great humility, "It is all the result of your blessing". Guru Hargobind also gave his son Baba Gurditta to Baba Sri Chand as the next leader of the Udasi order. Baba Sri Chand died and was cremated here in 1612 at the ripe old age of 118.

Blessings of a Saint
Gurdwara Bir Baba Buddha, Dist. Amritsar

Baba Buddha used to live here in the jungle outside Amritsar. Being without a child for many years Guru Arjans wife Ganga Devi became anxious. Guru Arjan told her; "If you wish a child, ask a pious Sikh like Baba Buddha, the aged seer and devout disciple of Guru Nanak for a blessing". Ganga Devi went to seek the blessings of Baba Buddha with a large entourage. She presented Baba Buddha with many delicacies to eat. Baba Buddha refused to provide any blessings. Upon hearing what happened, Guru Arjan told his wife to return this time on foot, with a simple meal prepared by herself. This time Baba Buddha was delighted and partook of the simple food. He prophesied; "A son will be born to you who will crush the enemies of Nanak's house, just as I have crushed this onion with my hand." That prophecy was to soon thereafter come true with the birth of Guru Hargobind in 1595.

Completion of the Holy Granth Sahib
Gurdwara Ramsar, Dist. Amritsar

Guru Arjan spent a year here at the side of a pool with shady trees along with his scribe Bhai Gurdas and compiled the first copy of Sri Guru Granth Sahib in 1604. Guru Arjan not only included his own compositions but those of the previous four Gurus as well as the writings of Hindu and Muslim saints. There is no holy book like Sri Guru Granth Sahib, that includes the writings of people of other faiths, and which was written in the founding Gurus own writing. Upon completion the Sacred Volume was then installed in the Golden Temple by Guru Arjan with Baba Buddha appointed it’s first Granthi (caretaker).

Guru Hargobind

A Prophecy Comes True
Gurdwara Bir Baba Buddha, Dist. Amritsar

Baba Buddha used to live here in the jungle outside Amritsar. Being without a child for many years Guru Arjans wife Ganga Devi became anxious. Guru Arjan told her; "If you wish a child, ask a pious Sikh like Baba Buddha, the aged seer and devout disciple of Guru Nanak for a blessing". Ganga Devi went to seek the blessings of Baba Buddha with a large entourage. She presented Baba Buddha with many delicacies to eat. Baba Buddha refused to provide any blessings. Upon hearing what happened, Guru Arjan told his wife to return this time on foot, with a simple meal prepared by herself. This time Baba Buddha was delighted and partook of the simple food. He prophesied; "A son will be born to you who will crush the enemies of Nanak's house, just as I have crushed this onion with my hand." That prophecy was to soon thereafter come true with the birth of Guru Hargobind in 1595.

Birth of a Saint Soldier
Gurdwara Guru Ki Wadali, Dist. Amritsar

This is the birthplace of Guru Hargobind who was born here in 1595. Guru Hargobind was a saint and a soldier and the first military hero of the people of Punjab in 600 years since the conquest of Punjab by the Muslims. Guru Hargobind always carried two swords to symbolize the concepts of Miri and Piri. Piri meaning spiritual authority and Miri meaning temporal authority, Sikhs are expected to maintain a balance between the two, to be soldiers and saints. The 400th anniversary of Guru Hargobind's birth was celebrated in 1995.

Marriage and Family
Gurdwara Guru Ka Mahl, Dist. Amritsar

Guru Hargobind lived here for some time and was also married in this house. This is also the birthplace of Guru Hargobind's sons Baba Atal Rai and Guru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Arjan was married here and was also installed as Guru here in 1581. This was the home of Guru Ram Das and his family. Guru Ram Das founded the city of Ramdaspur (modern day Amritsar) and started the excavation of the 'pool of nectar' called Amritsar.
The Eternal Throne
Sri Akal Takht, Amritsar

Akal Takht literally means Eternal Throne. It is part of the Golden Temple complex and is situated on the other end of the causeway connected to the Harmandir Sahib. The foundation was laid by Guru Hargobind. It was here that he was ceremonially installed as Guru in 1606. The building of the Akal Takht opposite the Golden Temple has a special meaning. While the Golden Temple stands for spiritual guidance (piri) the Akal Takht symbolizes the dispensing of justice and temporal activity (miri). During the day the Guru Granth Sahib is kept in the Golden Temple, while at night it is kept in the Akal Takht. Traditionally all Sikh warriors sought blessings here before going to battle. During the 18th century while Sikhs were fighting a guerrilla war in the forests they used to gather at the Akal Takht on special occasions such as Baisakhi and Diwali. Here the community used to have general meetings and approve resolutions. The Akal Takht was the oldest of the Five Takhts, but it was destroyed by the Indian Army during its military invasion in 1984. The construction of the new Akal Takht is almost complete with only some interior work remaining.

A Place of Rational Thought
Gurdwara Babeksar, Dist. Amritsar

Bhai Gurdas laid the foundation of the Gurdwara in 1622. Guru Hargobind established a camp here for his cavalry and soldiers soon after. Guru Hargobind said that anyone who bathed in the pool would receive the benefits of rational thinking (Babek).

The Defence of Amritsar
Gurdwara Lohgarh, Dist. Amritsar

Guru Hargobind constructed a fort here for the defense of Amritsar from the Mughal army.

Birth of a Saintly Son
Gurdwara Daroli Bhai, Dist. Firozpur

This is the birthplace of Baba Gurditta, the eldest son of Guru Hargobind born in 1613. Baba Gurditta was a great saint and the father of Guru Har Rai as well as the elder brother of Guru Tegh Bahadur. The family of the Gurus wife Mata Damodari still live here and are custodians of some rare personal belongings of Guru Hargobind as well as a handwritten copy of Sri Guru Granth Sahib bearing the personal seal of Guru Gobind Singh.

Religious Discourses
Gurdwara Chhevin Padshahi, Dist. Jalandhar

Here Guru Hargobind had religious discourses with the Muslim saint Shaikh Darvesh. A handwritten copy of Sri Guru Granth Sahib prepared sometime between 1715 and 1728 by the great Sikh scholar and martyr Baba Deep Singh is kept here.

Leader of the Udasi's
Gurdwara Bath Sahib, Dist. Gurdaspur

The ascetic son of Guru Nanak and the founder of the Udasi order Baba Sri Chand lived here deep in the forest for the last part of his life. Guru Hargobind visited Baba Sri Chand and when Baba Sri Chand complimented the Guru on his chivalry and piety, Guru Hargobind replied with great humility, "It is all the result of your blessing". Guru Hargobind also gave his son Baba Gurditta to Baba Sri Chand as the next leader of the Udasi order. Baba Sri Chand was also visited here by Guru Arjan who told Baba Sri Chand about the hostility of the Gurus elder brother. Baba Sri Chand replied: "This will be his undoing and ruin both in this world and the next". Baba Sri Chand died and was cremated here in 1612 at the ripe old age of 118.

The First Great Battle
Khalsa College, Amritsar

Guru Hargobind fought his first battle at the present day site of Khalsa College in 1634 and was victorious. The Guru was about to celebrate the marriage of his only daughter Bibi Viro when he was attack by the Mughals. A force of 700 Sikhs defeated an army of 7,000 mughal troops. The foundation stone of Khalsa College was laid in 1892 and it has since been one of the eminent Sikh educational institutions.

A Gurdwara and a Mosque
Gurdwara Damdama Sahib, Sri Hargobindpur, Dist. Gurdaspur

Guru Hargobind fought a fierce battle against Mughal forces in December of 1634. They did not want the Sikhs to settle in the town and build a Gurdwara. The Gurus forces were victorious although they were heavily outnumbered. After the battle Guru Hargobind showed his respect and tolerance of other religions by not only finishing the work on the Gurdwara but also ordered the building of a mosque for Muslims.

Death of a Beloved Son
Gurdwara Baba Atal, Dist. Amritsar

The beloved son of Guru Hargobind, Baba Atal Rai left the earth and was cremated here. Atal Rai was a much beloved son of Guru Hargobind and was born in 1620. One day as young Atal Rai playmate was bitten by a snake and died. At seeing the boys family crying over his body, Atal Rai bought his friend back to life. When Guru Hargobind heard of the miracle he admonished his son saying that "How can anyone interfere with the ways of God?". Baba Atal Rai was so distressed at hearing his fathers reprimand that he withdrew to the side of Kaulsar pool and saying his prayers, lay down and gave up his life for the life that he had saved. The nine stories of the Gurdwara represent the nine years of Baba Atal's short life. Two great heroes from Sikh history Nawab Kapur Singh and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia were also cremated here.

Leaves This World
Gurdwara Patal Puri, Kiratpur, Dist. Ropar

Guru Hargobind in 1644 as well as Guru Har Rai in 1661 were cremated here. The ashes of Guru Harkrishan were brought from Delhi and immersed here in the river Sutlej in 1664. In 1675 Guru Gobind Singh at the age of nine received the tragic news that his father Guru Tegh Bahadur had been executed in Delhi. Guru Gobind Singh traveled from here to Anandpur Sahib for the cremation of his fathers head which had been spirited away from Delhi by a devoted Sikh, Bhai Jaita.

Guru Har Rai

Leaves This World
Gurdwara Patal Puri, Kiratpur, Dist. Ropar

Guru Hargobind in 1644 as well as Guru Har Rai in 1661 were cremated here. The ashes of Guru Harkrishan were brought from Delhi and immersed here in the river Sutlej in 1664. In 1675 Guru Gobind Singh at the age of nine received the tragic news that his father Guru Tegh Bahadur had been executed in Delhi. Guru Gobind Singh traveled from here to Anandpur Sahib for the cremation of his fathers head which had been spirited away from Delhi by a devoted Sikh, Bhai Jaita.

Guru Har Krishan

Return to the Source
Gurdwara Patal Puri, Kiratpur, Dist. Ropar

Guru Hargobind in 1644 as well as Guru Har Rai in 1661 were cremated here. The ashes of Guru Harkrishan were brought from Delhi and immersed here in the river Sutlej in 1664. In 1675 Guru Gobind Singh at the age of nine received the tragic news that his father Guru Tegh Bahadur had been executed in Delhi. Guru Gobind Singh traveled from here to Anandpur Sahib for the cremation of his fathers head which had been spirited away from Delhi by a devoted Sikh, Bhai Jaita.

Guru Teg Bahadur

Birthplace
Gurdwara Guru Ka Mahl, Dist. Amritsar

This was the birthplace of Guru Hargobind's sons Guru Tegh Bahadur born here in 1621 and his brother Baba Atal Rai (1630). Guru Hargobind lived here for some time and was also married in this house. Guru Arjan was married here and was also installed as Guru here in 1581. This was the home of Guru Ram Das and his family. Guru Ram Das founded the city of Ramdaspur (modern day Amritsar) and started the excavation of the 'pool of nectar' called Amritsar.
The Guru is Found!
Gurdwara Baba Bakala, Dist. Amritsar

Guru Harkrishan before he died in 1644 had said that his successor could be found at Bakala. When Sikhs flocked there they were confronted with 22 members of the Gurus family each claiming that they were the Guru. Meanwhile a wealthy merchant Makhan Shah had his ships carrying valuable cargo caught in a fierce storm at sea. He vowed to offer five hundred gold coins to the Guru if his goods safely reached home. The ships reached port safely and Makhan Shah made his way to Bakala to pay homage to the Guru. When he finally got there he was confronted with all the same quandary as the rest of the Sikhs, who was the real Guru? Being a businessman Makhan Shah decided that he would pay homage to all of the twenty two claimants and placed two gold coins before each of them as tribute. When he had visited all of the claimants, a child pointed out to him that a holy man lived across the street. Makhan Shah decided that he may as well pay him tribute also. When Makhan Shah entered the house he found that Guru Tegh Bahadur was in meditation. He was told that Tegh Bahadur who had lived here in quiet meditation for many years did not like to receive visitors. Makhan Shah waited until he met the Guru and placed two gold coins before him. At this Guru Tegh Bahadur smiled and said to Makhan Shah, “I thought that you had pledged five hundred coins”. Makhan Shah became so elated that he kissed the Gurus feet and started shouting from the rooftop “I’ve found the Guru, found the Guru!”. All the Sikhs rushed to the house of the quiet saint and when they heard the story there was much rejoicing for many days. Thus the pious, humble saint Tegh Bahadur was acclaimed here as being the true Guru of the Sikhs and natural successor of Guru Harkrishan.

Curing Pains
Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib, Dist. Patiala

Built on the spot where Guru Tegh Bahadur rested while passing through the area in 1662. The Guru meditated under a banyan tree near a pond. Bathing in the sacred tank of the Gurdwara is believed to cure many ailments.

Visit to a Friend
Gurdwara Bahadurgarh, Dist. Patiala

Guru Tegh Bahadur stayed here for two months with his family during his travels of the Malwa region in early 1674. The Guru had come to visit his old friend Saif Khan the Nawab of Saifabad.

Missionary Work
Gurdwara Pathshahi Nouvin, Talwandi Sabo, Dist. Bathinda

A Gurdwara near Takht Sri Damdama Sahib dedicated to the memory of the visit of Guru Tegh Bahadur. The Guru undertook extensive travels throughout Punjab preaching and visiting various Sikh sangats, getting wells dug, purchasing cows and giving them free to peasants and planting trees at suitable places. This same place would later be visited by Guru Gobind Singh.

Guru Gobind Singh

News from Delhi
Gurdwara Patal Puri, Kiratpur, Dist. Ropar

Guru Gobind Singh travelled from here to Anandpur Sahib for the cremation of his fathers head which had been spirited away from Delhi by a devoted Sikh, Bhai Jaita. Guru Hargobind as well as Guru Har Rai were cremated here. The ashes of Guru Har Krishan were brought from Delhi and immersed here in the river Sutlej. In 1675 Guru Gobind Singh at the age of nine received the tragic news that his father Guru Tegh Bahadur had been executed in Delhi.

Peace and Poetry
Gurdwara Vibhore Sahib, Dist. Nangal

Guru Gobind Singh stayed here for about a year and composed hymns in praise of God. The Gurdwara is situated on the banks of the river Sutlej. This was among the happiest time of Guru Gobind Singh life when he had time to enjoy hunting and writing poetry in praise of God.

Fortress of Bliss
Qila Anandgarh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Dist. Ropar

This Gurdwara was one of the five forts constructed by Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur Sahib for the defense of the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh spent 25 years at Anandpur Sahib. To protect the Sikhs from the hill Rajas or Mughals, Guru Gobind Singh began the construction of five defensive forts all around the town. Keshgarh at the center (now a Takht), Anandgarh (fort of bliss), Lohgarh (fort of steel), Holgarh (fort of colour) and Fatehgarh (fort of victory). All the forts were joined together with earthworks and underground tunnels. The construction began in 1689 and took over ten years to complete.

River Crossing
Gurdwara Ghat Sahib, Dist. Nangal

This Gurdwara on the left bank of the river Sutlej marks the spot where Guru Gobind Singh crossed the river by boat from a dock (ghat).

A Brick Kiln
Gurdwara Bhatha Sahib, Dist. Ropar

Guru Gobind Singh visited here and cooled down a red hot brick kiln (bhatha) with the touch of his horses hoof. The local Muslim chief Nihang Khan became a follower of the Guru and at great personal risk looked after the Guru and his Sikhs. At that time anyone helping the Sikhs faced death as punishment from the Mughal authorities.

The Gurus Mighty Sword
Gurdwara Bhadaur, Dist. Sangrur

Guru Gobind Singh visited here during one of his hunting expeditions. A sword belonging to Guru Gobind Singh and used in battle is kept here. Guru Gobind Singh introduced a new metaphor for God, Sarbloh meaning All-Steel Mighty Sword.

Baptism of Steel
Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Dist. Ropar

This is the birthplace of the Khalsa. It was here on March 30th, 1699 that a very large gathering of Sikhs had arrived at Anandpur Sahib as per Guru Gobind Singhs instructions. After prayers Guru Gobind Singh stood up with his sword and asked the gathering of thousands, "Is there anyone here ready to lay down his life at my call? This sword of mine is crying for the blood of a dear Sikh of mine." The congregation was shocked and afraid, the third time Guru Gobind Singh repeated his call, Daya Ram stood up and offered his head. Guru Gobind Singh took him into a tent. The sound of a sword cutting a body was heard and blood trickled out of the tent. Guru Gobind Singh emerged from the tent and asked for another Sikh. Dharam Das stood up and volunteered. Again the same episode was repeated. Three more Sikhs offered their heads to the Guru in the same way, Mukham Chand, Himmat Rai and Sahib Chand. After some time Guru Gobind Singh brought the five Sikhs before the congregation dressed in new clothes and revealed to the congregation that he had really slaughtered five goats inside the tent. Guru Gobind Singh then baptized them with amrit (sweetened water) stirred with his Khanda, The Guru called them his Five Beloved Ones and gave them the last name ‘Singh’ which means Lion. Guru Gobind Singh then humbly bowed before the Five Beloved Ones and asked them to initiate Him into the Khalsa Brotherhood. Never in history has the leader of a religion bowed down before his followers for baptism. Some of the original weapons of Guru Gobind Singh as well as the khanda (two edged sword) used by the Guru to stir the amrit (sweet water) during the Khalsa baptism ceremony are kept here.

Betrayal of an Oath
Gurdwara Parivar Vichhora, Dist. Ropar

Guru Gobind Singh and 400 Sikhs left Anandpur Sahib on the cold rainy night of December 5th 1705 after a prolonged siege by the Mughal army. The Guru had been offered safe passage if he left the town on a oath on the Koran by emperor Aurangzeb. In the early hours of the morning at the swollen river Sarsa the Guru and his Sikhs were attacked by the Mughal army under the command of Wazir Khan, breaking their oath of safe conduct. In the ensuing confusion, cold and darkness, most of the Sikhs perished. Some braved the current and a few including Guru Gobind Singh were able to cross the river in the heat of the battle. During the confusion the Guru was separated from his family. The Guru, his two eldest sons and 40 Sikhs were able to cross the river and escape. This gurdwara was built on the spot where the battle occurred and the Gurus family was separated.

The Final Stand
Gurdwara Garhi Sahib, Chamkaur Sahib, Dist. Ropar

This gurdwara commemorates the spot of the bloody battle of Chamkaur. After the attack at the river Sarsa, Guru Gobind Singh, his two eldest sons and 40 Sikhs made it to the town of Chamkaur while being pursued by an army of 1,000. Guru Gobind Singh and the 40 Sikhs sought shelter in a mud-built double story house. They were attacked by the enemy on December 22, 1705. Against these overwhelming odds, the Sikhs ventured our in small groups to fight the enemy and bravely lay down their lives. Thirty Seven Sikhs were martyred that day including Guru Gobind Singhs two eldest sons as well as three of the Five Beloved Ones (the first baptized Khalsa). Guru Gobind Singh himself was preparing for battle and martyrdom, but the five remaining Sikhs in the fort enacted the scene at Anandpur, where they were had the authority of Guruship and Gobind Singh their Khalsa disciple. Quoting the Gurus words giving them authority to issue resolutions, they ordered Guru Gobind Singh to escape the fort at night followed by three of the five remaining Sikhs.

"All the Khalsa are My Children"
Gurdwara Katalgarh Sahib, Chamkaur Sahib, Dist. Ropar

During the battle of Chamkaur in 1704 in which the Guru and 40 Sikhs fought against overwhelming odds, both of Guru Gobind Singhs sons died in battle at this spot. The remaining Sikhs in the fort at Chamkaur were being martyred one by one, but they did not want the Gurus two sons to go into battle. Guru Gobind Singh declared that all the Sikhs in the fort were his beloved sons. During the battle Baba Ajit Singh asked his fathers permission to go out of the fort and fight the enemy. He said, "Dear father, my name is Ajit or Unconquerable. I will not be conquered. And if conquered, I will not flee or come back alive. Permit me to go, dear father." Guru Gobind Singh hugged and kissed his beloved son before sending him into battle where he fought heroically until his last breath. Baba Jujhar Singh having watched his brother fight, asked Guru Gobind Singh, "Permit me, dear father to go where my brother has gone. Don’t say that I am too young. I am your son, I am a Singh or Lion of yours. I shall prove worthy of you. I shall die fighting, with my face towards the enemy, with God and the Guru on my lips and in my heart." Guru Gobind Singh embraced him and said, "Go my son and wed life-giving Death. We have been here for a while. Now we shall return to our real home. Go and wait for me there. Your grandfather and elder brother are already waiting for you." Thus the Guru watched his two sons achieve eternal peace through martyrdom. Guru Gobind Singh was prepared to follow his sons and Sikhs in martyrdom, but it was not the great Gurus time yet.

Alone in the Forest
Gurdwara Charan Kanwal, Machhiwara, Dist. Ludhiana

After agreeing to leave Chamkaur as commanded by his Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh escaped into the night and the jungle surrounded by the enemy troops. In the dark the Guru was separated from his three Sikh and left alone in the dense jungle. Guru Gobind Singh trudged through the jungle day and night, his clothes tattered and his feet blistered. Eventually the Guru reached the outskirts of Machiwara town and lay down to sleep in a garden in some bushes on the ground with a stone as his pillow. Here he was found by the three remaining Sikhs Dharam Singh, Daya Singh and Man Singh. This gurdwara marks that spot where Guru Gobind Singh was found sleeping. Guru Gobind Singh drank water from the well that appears in the foreground.

A Nights Refuge
Gurdwara Chubara Sahib, Machhiwara, Dist. Ludhiana

A Sikh named Gulaba Singh lived in the town of Machhiwara and provided Guru Gobind Singh and his three Sikhs refuge in his house at this spot while the enemy where prowling the countryside looking for the Guru with orders to capture or kill him.

Help from an Unlikely Source
Gurdwara Ghani Khan Nabi Khan, Machhiwara, Dist. Ludhiana

Living in the town of Machhiwara were two Muslim Pathan brothers Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan who knew Guru Gobind Singh. It better times they had sold horses and received kindness from the Guru. Even at the prospect of facing certain death, the brothers agreed to help Guru Gobind Singh escape the surrounding area which was full of the Mughal army looking for the Guru. They had Guru Gobind Singh put on the blue robes of a Muslim saint and accompanied by his three Sikhs survivors of the battle of Chamkaur, they carried the Guru in a palanquin through the enemy lines. They were only stopped once by Muslim soldiers, but Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan were so convincing that the party was allowed to pass through enemy lines with their 'Muslim Saint' in disguise. This gurdwara honors the home of these two brave brothers.

Rest for a Night
Gurdwara Katana Sahib, Dist. Ludhiana

Guru Gobind Singh spent a night here on his way to Alamgir with Muslim brothers Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan. During colonial rule the British had to divert their irrigation canal around the Gurdwara because of its religious sanctity.

A Fond Farewell
Gurdwara Alamgir, Dist. Ludhiana

After traveling through the enemy lines dressed as a Muslim saint with Muslim brothers Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan as his guides Guru Gobind Singh reached Alamgir village. Here Guru Gobind Singh was presented with a horse by a devoted Sikh he met. Guru Gobind Singh discarded his disguise and blessed Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan for their help before bidding them a fond farewell.

A Special Tree
Gurdwara Phalahi Sahib, Dist. Ludhiana

Guru Gobind Singh stopped here after leaving Muslim brothers Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan at Alamgir a few miles away. The Guru tied his horse with a small Phalahi tree which still stands today.

News of the Family
Gurdwara Raikot, Dist. Ludhiana

After leaving Muslim brothers Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan Guru Gobind Singh was received warmly by a wealthy landlord and devotee Rai Kalha. Here at Raikot Guru Gobind Singh stayed in hiding for a number of days. Guru Gobind Singh requested Rai Khala to send a messenger to Sirhind to find out about the whereabouts of his family which had been separated from him during their crossing of the river Sarsa. Rai Kalha reported the tragic story of the execution and martyrdom of the Gurus two younger sons and how his mother Mata Gujri had also passed away. Guru Gobind Singh exclaimed that his sons were the gift of Almighty God and had gone back to Him.

Supreme Sacrifice
Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib, Sirhind, Dist. Patiala

The two youngest sons of Guru Gobind Singh, Baba Zorawar Singh and Baba Fateh Singh were martyred at this spot on December 27, 1704. They along with the Gurus mother Mata Gujri had been captured by the governor of Sirhind Wazir Khan. Even though Islamic law does not allow for the killing of children, Wazir Khan gave the two young brothers a choice of either converting to Islam or being put to death. Both sons were bricked up in a wall and had their heads cut off but they steadfastly refused to convert to Islam. Guru Gobind Singhs mother Mata Gujri who had also been captured died from the shock of the murder of her beloved grandchildren. Five years later Banda Singh Bahadur and the Sikh army would take their revenge by destroying the town of Sirhind and killing Wazir Khan in battle.

A Letter of Defiance
Gurdwara Zafarnama, Dist. Bathinda

Guru Gobind Singh stayed here for a few days and wrote his famous defiant letter known as the Zafarnama (The Letter of Victory) in Persian to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb at of the darkest times of his life. Most of the Sikhs had been scattered or killed including the Gurus four sons. In the letter Guru Gobind Singh starts by praising God and then goes on to condemn Aurangzeb for his failure as a ruler, for his communalism and for breaking his oath on the Koran to grant the Sikhs safe passage. Guru Gobind Singh wrote that when all peaceful means have failed, it is righteous to draw the sword to fight tyranny. The Guru describes the bloody battle of Chamkaur and invites Aurangzeb to visit him even though he has killed his four sons. The letter was personally delivered to the emperor in the Deccan by the Gurus two trusted Sikhs Bhai Daya Singh and Bhai Dharam Singh. Upon reading the letter the emperor was filled with remorse and asked Guru Gobind Singh to come visit him, but Aurangzeb died shortly thereafter in 1707.

Blessed by God
Gurdwara Gangsar, Jaito, Dist. Faridkot

Guru Gobind visited here on his way to Muksar. The Guru met a Hindu pilgrim who was on his way to the sacred Ganges river for a dip. Guru Gobind Singh convinced the pilgrim that a dip in the pool at Jaito was just as equivalent as bathing in the Ganges as all places are sacred and blessed by God.

The Last Battle
Gurdwara Tibbi Sahib, Muktsar, Dist. Faridkot

This was the scene of Guru Gobind Singhs last battle, the battle of Khidrana fought on December 29th 1705. A large force of the enemy Mughal troops of Wazir Khan were seen approaching on the horizon. A village women Mai Bhago had gathered together 40 Sikhs who had earlier deserted Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur Sahib and they were camped between the Guru and his men in the forest and the approaching enemy in the dry plains. Guru Gobind Singh and his accompanying Sikhs took up a position on top of a sand hill at this spot and showered arrows on the approaching enemy.

40 Immortals
Gurdwara Thambu Mal & Darbar Sahib, Muktsar, Dist. Faridkot

As the enemy troops of Wazir Khan were approaching Guru Gobind Singh they were intercepted by a force of 40 Sikhs led by a village women Mai Bhago. Earlier during the prolonged siege of Anandpur Sahib, 40 Sikhs had deserted the Guru by signing a letter saying that they were no longer Sikhs of the Guru. They lived in the Malwa region in which Guru Gobind Singh was now staying. Here they were shamed by their women folk for having deserted the Guru. Mai Bhago dressed in soldiers uniform gathered the 40 deserters to help Guru Gobind Singh and they engaged the approaching army of Wazir Khan at this spot. While the enemy had a large force they was tired from their long march while the outnumbered Sikhs were fresh. In the fierce battle the ensued the Sikhs were able to scatter the enemy who were forced to retreat after having suffered severe casualties and because of the lack of drinking water in the area. Although the Sikhs emerged victorious, all 40 former deserters were killed in battle. Guru Gobind Singh was deeply touched by the sacrifice of the 40. As Guru Gobind Singh surveyed the battle scene, one seriously wounded Sikh Mahan Singh was still alive and before he died he begged Guru Gobind Singh to forgive the 40 for having deserted him earlier. Guru Gobind Singh blessed the 40 and said that they had achieved 'Mukhti', spiritual liberation for their brave act of self sacrifice.
Daily Prayers
Gurdwara Shahid Ganj, Muktsar, Dist. Faridkot

The Chalis Mukte (40 Immortals) were personally cremated here by Guru Gobind Singh who performed their last rites and blessed them. They are remembered for their sacrifice every day in the Sikh daily prayer, Ardas.

Ghosts and Superstitions
Gurdwara Haji Rattan, Dist. Bathinda

While on his way to Talwandi Sabo Guru Gobind Singh camped here for the night outside the mausoleum of the Muslim saint Haji Rattan. The tomb keepers tried to dissuade the Guru from sleeping here with the excuse that the place was haunted. Since the Guru neither believed in tombs or ghosts he spent the night here to show the people that such superstitions were not followed by Sikhs.

The Next Guru
Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, Talwandi Sabo, Dist. Bathinda

Guru Gobind Singh stayed here for almost a year during 1705 to 1706 after his last battle at Muksar. It was here that Guru Gobind Singh with the help of his scribe Bhai Mani Singh prepared the final and current version of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh added to the existing version prepared by Guru Arjan the poetry of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Due to his great humility Guru Gobind Singh did not include any of his own poetry in Sri Guru Granth Sahib.

Famous Sikhs

Deep in the Forest (Baba Sri Chand)
Gurdwara Bath Sahib, Dist. Gurdaspur

The ascetic son of Guru Nanak and the founder of the Udasi order Baba Sri Chand lived here deep in the forest for the last part of his life. Baba Sri Chand was visited here by Guru Arjan who told Baba Sri Chand about the hostility of his elder brother towards him. Baba Sri Chand replied: "This will be his undoing and ruin both in this world and the next. Guru Hargobind also visited Baba Sri Chand here and when Baba Sri Chand complimented the Guru on his chivalry and piety, Guru Hargobind replied with great humility, "It is all the result of your blessing". Guru Hargobind also gave his son Baba Gurditta to Baba Sri Chand as the next leader of the Udasi order. Baba Sri Chand died and was cremated here in 1612 at the ripe old age of 118.

Birth of an Old Man (Baba Buddha)
Gurdwara Janamasthan Baba Buddha, Dist. Amritsar

The eminent Sikh saint Baba Buddha was born here in 1506. Baba Buddha had the pleasure of serving under the first six Gurus. When he was a young boy herding cattle in the fields one day he met Guru Nanak who was visiting the village. The boy served the Guru milk and Guru Nanak exclaimed that though young in age, he was a Buddha (old man) in terms of his understanding and wisdom. Baba Buddha converted to the path of Sikhism and became an exemplary disciple of the Gurus. Baba Buddha was responsible for the guruship ceremony of the next five Gurus from Guru Angad to Guru Hargobind. Under Guru Arjan Dev, Baba Buddha was appointed the first custodian (granthi) of Sri Guru Granth Sahib in the Golden Temple in 1604. Baba Buddha was also responsible for the early education of Guru Hargobind as a child and helped to personally construct the Akal Takht. Baba Buddha passed away in 1631 and had his last rites personally performed by Guru Hargobind.

Blessing of a Guru (Baba Buddha)
Gurdwara Bir Baba Buddha, Dist. Amritsar

Baba Buddha used to live here in the jungle outside Amritsar. Being without a child for many years Guru Arjans wife Ganga Devi became anxious. Guru Arjan told her; "If you wish a child, ask a pious Sikh like Baba Buddha, the aged seer and devout disciple of Guru Nanak for a blessing". Ganga Devi went to seek the blessings of Baba Buddha with a large entourage. She presented Baba Buddha with many delicacies to eat. Baba Buddha refused to provide any blessings. Upon hearing what happened, Guru Arjan told his wife to return this time on foot, with a simple meal prepared by herself. This time Baba Buddha was delighted and partook of the simple food. He prophesied; "A son will be born to you who will crush the enemies of Nanak's house, just as I have crushed this onion with my hand." That prophecy was to soon thereafter come true with the birth of Guru Hargobind in 1595.

Sanctuary for a Devotee (Bibi Kaulan)
Gurdwara Kaulsar, Dist. Amritsar

This Gurdwara was built by Guru Hargobind in memory of Bibi Kaulan a Muslim girl who became a devout Sikh. She fled Lahore following the disapproval of her family and a death sentence passed by the Muslim clergy for being a follower of Sikhism. She spent the rest of her life in meditation here and was a good friend of the Gurus young son Atal Rai, whose Gurdwara is built next to Kaulsar.

Death of a Beloved Son (Baba Atal Rai)
Gurdwara Baba Atal, Dist. Amritsar

The beloved son of Guru Hargobind, Baba Atal Rai left the earth and was cremated here. Atal Rai was a much beloved son of Guru Hargobind and was born in 1620. One day as young Atal Rai playmate was bitten by a snake and died. At seeing the boys family crying over his body, Atal Rai bought his friend back to life. When Guru Hargobind heard of the miracle he admonished his son saying that "How can anyone interfere with the ways of God?". Baba Atal Rai was so distressed at hearing his fathers reprimand that he withdrew to the side of Kaulsar pool and saying his prayers, lay down and gave up his life for the life that he had saved. The nine stories of the Gurdwara represent the nine years of Baba Atal's short life. Two great heroes from Sikh history Nawab Kapur Singh and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia were also cremated here.

Martyrdom of a Scholar (Baba Deep Singh)
Gurdwara Shahid Baba Deep Singh, Dist. Amritsar

The great Sikh scholar and martyr Baba Deep Singh was mortally wounded here. In 1762 the Afghan invader Ahmed Shah Abdali ordered the Golden Temple blown up and the Sacred Tank filled in. Baba Deep Singh the greatest Sikh scholar of his time took up the sword on a mission to restore the sanctity of the Golden Temple. He along with five thousand faithful Sikhs fought against the Muslim forces of Jahan Khan. Although heavily outnumbered the Sikhs fought bravely. Baba Deep Singh was fatally wounded in the neck but had vowed to die in the precincts of the Golden Temple. Although mortally wounded Baba Deep Singh was able to continue fighting until he was able to make his way to the Sacred Pool of the Golden Temple where he finally expired.